Leather tanning is one of humanity’s oldest crafts, an ancient process that transforms raw animal hides into durable, flexible material used for clothing, tools, armor, and countless other purposes. Tanneries—the specialized workshops or factories where tanning takes place—have a long and complex history spanning thousands of years and continents.

This article explores the history of tanneries from their origins in antiquity, through medieval and early modern periods, to industrialization and modern leather production. Along the way, it highlights the technological innovations, social and environmental impacts, and cultural significance of this age-old craft.

The Origins of Tanning: Prehistoric and Ancient Times

Early Evidence of Leatherworking

Humans have used animal skins for shelter, clothing, and tools since prehistoric times. Archaeological finds show that tanning or leather processing likely began tens of thousands of years ago.

Early tanning methods were primitive and natural—using smoke, oils, fats, and time to preserve hides.

Ancient Civilizations and Leatherworking

The first organized tanneries appeared in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations, where leather was vital for sandals, armor, bags, and horse tack.

Texts such as the Bible and Egyptian papyri mention leather and tanning, showing its economic and cultural importance. shutdown123